Greece: Facts & Stats

Demographics

Population:

11 million inhabitants (2009) Density: 83 inhabitants per sq. km Greece has 8 urban areas with over 100,000 inhabitants.

The five largest are:

1. Athens 772,072
2. Thessaloniki 383,967
3. Piraeus 182,671
4. Patras 152,570
5. Heraklion 115,270

Welfare:

A very complicated system provides social welfare in Greece. The large number of social security organizations in existence afford a great variety of benefits and provisions. This situation results from haphazard planning and information input when the system was being established, from disproportionate influence by certain groups of potential beneficiaries, and from the large number of self-employed workers in the economy. By 1984 some 650 carriers were dispensing old-age, survivor, and disability pensions and health benefits through private, private supplementary, and lump-sum payment programs. The system is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Health, Welfare, and Social Security (covering work injuries, sickness, medical benefits, and pensions) and the Ministry of Labor (providing unemployment and family allowances). The legislation prescribing benefits for Greek citizens is the Social Security Law of 1981.

The system is financed primarily by contributions made by employers and through the payroll deductions of employees. Government subsidies also support the coverage of certain types of workers. In 1992 employer and employee social security contributions were virtually equal; the former totaled 13.8 percent of national tax revenue, the latter 14.2 percent.

Education:

The Greek educational system is broadly divided into three levels, namely primary, secondary and tertiary, with an additional post-secondary level providing vocational training.

Primary Education

• Year 1 (Pro'ti Dimotikou' ): age 6 to 7
• Year 2 (Defte'ra Dimotikou' ): age 7 to 8
• Year 3 (Tri'ti Dimotikou' ): age 8 to 9
• Year 4 (Teta'rti Dimotikou' ): age 9 to 10
• Year 5 (Pe'mpti Dimotikou' ): age 10 to 11
• Year 6 (E'kti Dimotikou' ): age 11 to 12

Secondary Education

• Gymnasium - Middle / Secondary School (compulsory education)
• 1st grade, age 12 to 13
• 2nd grade, age 13 to 14
• 3rd grade, age 14 to 15
• General Lyceum - High School
• 1st grade, age 15 to 16
• 2nd grade, age 16 to 17
• 3rd grade, age 17 to 18

Religion:

The constitution of Greece recognizes the Greek Orthodox faith as the "prevailing" religion of the country, while guaranteeing freedom of religious belief for all. The Greek Government does not keep statistics on religious groups and censuses do not ask for religious affiliation. According to the State Department, an estimated 97% of Greek citizens identify themselves as Greek Orthodox. However, in the Eurostat - Eurobarometer poll of 2005, 81% of Greek citizens responded that they believe there is a God, which was the third highest percentage among EU members behind only Malta and Cyprus.

Estimates of the recognized Muslim minority, which is mostly located in Thrace, range from 98,000 to 140,000, (between 0.9% and 1.2%) while the immigrant Muslim community numbers between 200,000 and 300,000. Albanian immigrants to Greece are usually associated with the Muslim faith, although most are secular in orientation. In the Treaty of Lausanne Greece and Turkey agreed to exchange minorities. About 500,000 people were expelled from Greece, predominantly Turks, but including other Muslim. Judaism has existed in Greece for more than 2,000 years. Sephardi Jews used to have a large presence in the city of Thessaloniki (by 1900, some 80,000, or more than half of the population, were Jews), but nowadays the Greek-Jewish community who survived the Holocaust is estimated to number around 5,500 people.

Greek members of Roman Catholic faith are estimated at 50,000 with the Roman Catholic immigrant community approximating 200,000. Old Calendarists account for 500,000 followers. Protestants, including Greek Evangelical Church and Free Evangelical Churches, stand at about 30,000. Assemblies of God, International Church of the Foursquare Gospel and other Pentecostal churches of the Greek Synod of Apostolic Church has 12,000 members. Independent Free Apostolic Church of Pentecost is the biggest Protestant denomination in Greece with 120 churches. There are not official statistics about Free Apostolic Church of Pentecost, but the Orthodox Church estimates the followers in 20,000. The Jehovah's Witnesses report having 28,243 active members. There are also 653 Mormons, 501 Seventh-day Adventists, and 30 Free Methodists.

The ancient Greek religion has also reappeared as Hellenic Neopaganism, with estimates of approximately 2,000 adherents (comprising 0.02% of the general population).

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